Profession of Arms

Table of Contents Introduction The Profession of Arms Conclusion References Introduction The US army has been performing magnificently on and off the field. At the same time, the army has developed up to date skills and technology that have enabled it to stand at an advantage over its enemies and other forces of danger.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Profession of Arms specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Due to this fact, the US army has been regarded as one of the best armies in the world. Despite all this, the army that is operational at the present moment is somewhat different from the army that the country had before the year 2001 (Dempsey, 2011). For the last ten years, a lot of factors have changed in the army. During this time, the army has lost some of its tradition and skills; factors that used to make the army to be effective and efficient in its operations (Dempsey, 2010). At the same time, the train ing that is offered to the soldiers is also different. There are some key elements that are not included during the recruitment process. As a result, the army has always been in transition. It keeps on concentrating on developments that will enable it to cope with change. In the process, it has lost its original skills. Although the army has been performing well, several considerations need to be done to ensure that the army regains the skills that it has lost. This essay therefore discusses these issues into details and explains their importance in the army. The Profession of Arms The US army serves to protect the nation against any form of danger. This includes natural disasters, attacks by foreign nations or terrorists and any other catastrophic events. It works to protect the constitution of the United States of America together with its citizens within and outside the country (Dempsey, 2011). To achieve all this, the army has to act in a professional manner. However, the profes sion that the army displays is different from that of other careers. The army unlike many other professions assumes limited liability. This means that they put their lives at risk to ensure that they achieve the goals and objectives of their mission. The army therefore is authorised to ethically apply land combat power while serving under the authority of civilians to secure the country from any danger.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The culture of the US army has developed for over two decades. It represents a historical development that has grown in times of peace and combat, ups and down. The culture of the US army has been based on discipline, value-based leadership and professional ethics (Dempsey, 2011). However, for the last ten years, this culture has been changing drastically. The army is now putting a lot of emphasis on effectiveness and efficiency while neglecting its his tory and culture that has enabled it grow for the last two decades. Due to this fact therefore, the army is slowly deviating from its profession of arms. To curb this predicament, several amendments need to be made. First, the army needs to stick to its values and ethics. It has to act in accordance to the rules and regulations that have been set by the armed forces. Secondly, the army needs to come up with a strategy that will utilize its traditional and current skills especially in training. This mix will make the army to be in accordance with the profession of arms and achieve its set goals and objectives. Conclusion Despite the success that the US army is currently enjoying, it needs to incorporate some of its traditional knowledge and skills that have been slowly eroded for the last ten years. This will ensure that the army has a mix of traditional and up to date skills, a combination that will increase its effectiveness and efficiency. As a result, the army will continue to se rve its purpose in a more professional manner. References Dempsey, M. E. (2010). The Profession of Arms 2010. Web. Dempsey, M. E. (2011). The Profession of Arms 2011: The Profession After Ten Years of Persistent Conflict. Web. This essay on Profession of Arms was written and submitted by user Kailynn Reeves to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Death Penalty essay Essays

Death Penalty essay Essays Death Penalty essay Essay Death Penalty essay Essay Essay Topic: Death Penalty Studies show that the death penalty is an in-effective deterrent of crime and is an economic burden to tax-payers, counties, and states. The main issues of this essay are whether or not the death penalty is in fact, a deterrent of crime, and if the burden of the cost associated with the death penalty is worth the retribution. As Mahatma Ghandi said, An eye for an eye leaves us all blind. Capital punishment is the sentencing of convicted criminals to death. It is a highly controversial and debatable topic. This is an issue that keeps many people, mainly politicians, tossing and turning at night. Is it moral? Is it a deterrent of crime? Is it worth the money we spend on death penalty cases? There are an abundance of studies, articles, arguments, and opinions both for and against the death penalty. This essay will look at the arguments, and show that the death penalty is not a highly effective deterrent of crime, and it will also show that it is not economically Justified. The death penalty dates back thousands of years, but it in the United States it has become a topic that is very controversial. There have been many legal challenges in the past fifty years, challenging the morality of the executions. In 1967 a moratorium was placed on the death penalty after the Supreme Courts finding that it was arbitrary and capricious and that it violated the 8th Amendment. (Capital Punishment, 2013). It wasnt a ruling that the death penalty itself was unconstitutional, but that the laws as written were cruel and unusual punishment. States wrote new laws, and in 1977 executions resumed. The first execution after the moratorium was in Utah, death by firing squad. Deterrence, in the mindset of death penalty supporters, is the belief that criminals or would be criminals fear death more than anything else. Judge Robert E. Crowe stated It is the finality of the death penalty which instills fear into the heart of every murderer, and it is the fear of punishment which protects society. (Crowe, 1925, para3). A survey of leading criminologists by Radelet Lacock (2009), showed that an astounding 88% did not agree that the death penalty is a deterrent of crime. They believe that an abolishment on the death penalty would not result in any significant rise in crime rates. The majority of law enforcement surveyed believes capital punishment does not deter violent crime. (Ralelet Lacock, 2009). Another survey of police chiefs states that they rank the death penalty lowest on ways to deter crime. They believe that an increase in law enforcement and lowering drug abuse are the best ways to reduce violence. Although there are many studies stating that the death penalty is a deterrent of crime, The National Research Council (2012) concluded that the studies on the effect of murder rates and the death penalty were seriously flawed. They showed that the studies didnt consider the effects of non capital punishments, and used incomplete or implausible models. They found three fundamental flaws: 1) The studies did not factor in the effects of non-capital punishments that may be imposed. 2) The studies used imcomplete or implausible models of potential murderers perceptions of and responses to the use of capital punishment. 3) Estimates of the effect of capital punishment are based on statistical models that make assumptions that are not credible. (The National Research Council, 2012). of criminals. He believes that murderers dont think of the death penalty as a reason not to kill. People who are contemplating murder do not sit down and weigh the consequences. He believes it is an erratic and flawed process which should be discontinued. The decision on whether a defendant gets the death penalty is dependent on too many variables: The discretion of the prosecutor, the competence of the defense attorneys, the makeup of the Jury, and the attitude of the Judge and appeals court. Further research shows that most murders are committed in the heat of passion, under the influence of drugs or alcohol, or because ofa mental illness. During the act of committing murder, criminals do not expect to be caught and there is little thought being given to the consequences of the action. Even when a murder is premeditated, the criminal focuses more on escaping arrest, detection, or conviction. (saroktn, 2011). The ACLUs position on the death penalty (2012) is that it violates a constitutional ban on cruel and unusual punishment and the guarantees of due process. They believe that states should not give themselves the right to kill, especially with premeditation and celebration. They believe it is unfair because it is dependant of the competency of the attorneys, how much money the defendant has, the race of the victim, and where the crime takes place. (ACLU 2012) Capital punishment in the United States is unusual because it is the only western industrialized nation that engages in the practice. It is also unusual because only a small percentage of convicted killers are sentenced to death. The homicide rate in the United States is five times higher than any western European county. This is shocking due to the fact that the United States is the only county with the death penalty. Currently there are eighteen states without the death penalty. In President Jimmy Carters article Show Death Penalty the Door (2012), he provides statistics on tates with the death penalty vs. tates without the death penalty. The rates of homicides are higher in states with the death penalty. Take North and South Dakota for example: Both of these states are very similar in population, culture, and region. North Dakota does not have the death penalty and South Dakota does. There are more capital crimes in South Dakota. According to the Department of Justice (FBI Uniform Crime Report, 2012), the national murder rate was about the same in 2011 as in 2012. The Northeast region of the United States, the region with the fewest executions, had the lowest murder ate of any other region. The murder rate in the northeast also decreases 3. 4%. The southern region, the region with the highest execution rate, again had the highest murder rates. Six of the nine states with the lowest murder rate are states without the death penalty. Justice Bryon White, (Furman v. Georgia), noted that when only a tiny portion of individuals who commit murder are executed, the death penalty is unconstitutionally irrational. The lessons of Furman haunt present day realities in most states because it is used so rarely as to defy the logic of deterrence. 972) When weighing the all the deterring facts, the death penalty does not make sense for our country. While looking at the economic factors and costs of the death penalty, the ends do not Justify The cost of the death penalty is far more expensive than the cost of life in prison. Former District Attorney, Sterling Goodspeed, stated miou can house criminals in the Waldorf Hotel for sixty to seventy years and feed them three meals a day cheape r than we can litigate a single death penalty case. A study by the National Bureau of Economic Research show that the burden put n tax payers due to capital murder charges is a huge burden to counties. These trials cost so much that cuts in the budget have to be made elsewhere. States and counties could save millions by eliminating these trials. (Baicker, 2012). Statistics show that the cost is so much higher for a variety of reasons. These expensive trials need special defense teams specializing in death penalty cases. The cost of security, specialty witnesses and DNA testing are Just some of the huge expenses these trials incur. Many of the countrys leading law enforcement personnel, criminologists, Judges nd others believe that the resources that are put into these extremely expensive trials should be redirected elsewhere. The money could be spent on improving the community and prevention programs. (Kondavic, 2012). Research shows that people who attend Early Childhood programs are less likely to commit crimes. High school programs that help at-risk youth reach graduation also helps to reduce crime. These programs could benefit from the additional resources that capital murder cases soak up. (Equal Justice USA,2013). Gang prevention programs and mental health services will also help reduce riminal activity. Providing these services to Juveniles reduces their probability of being arrested. It has been said that if the perpetrators in the many recent school shootings would have been offered these services, a lot of trauma and bloodshed could have been avoided. Treatment has successfully reduced crime, incarceration, and recidivism. Most law enforcement officials agree that funds to help the victims and their families are needed. These funds could pay for grief counseling, scholarships, medical expenses, and emergency funds. Since the use of DNA testing more than ne-hundred thirty people have been exonerated from death row. Now the courts are being flooded with expensive appeals and DNA testing. Not only would doing away with the death penalty relieve the court systems and save money, but it will assure that no innocent man or woman ever be wrongly executed. (Associated Press, 2009) Research and evidence show that putting a moratorium on the death penalty for good would be better for tax-payers and all of this countrys communities. It would also assure that no innocent person will ever be condemned to death. The deterrent actor and the economic factor are proof enough, but there is always the moral factor. In 1972 Supreme Court Justice, Marshall Thurgood gave his opinion in the case Fruman v. Georgia. He stated that Capital punishment violates the Eighth Amendment because it is morally unacceptable. In Judging if it is morally acceptable, most courts say its valid unless it shocks the conscience and sense of Justice of the people assuming knowledge of all the facts presently available regarding capital conscience and sense of Justice. For this reason alone, capital punishment cannot stand. (1972).

The relationship researches establish with those they study Essay

The relationship researches establish with those they study. (Questioning the Us vs. Them divide) - Essay Example For a time, an intellectual compromise seemed an unreachable destination. Until the World Health Organization offered an operational elucidation, which for decades now, holds the title for acceptability and universality. WHO states that gender pertains to the socially created roles, behaviors, activities and characteristics that a particular group of people deems appropriate for the male and the female (WHO). Gender systems, on the other hand, are binary and hierarchic classifications and distinctions based on empiric (biological) or social considerations: male or female; man or woman. This set of categorization, which determines how society looks at and deals with a person, is a matter of great importance. But â€Å"even though there are actual differences between the two human beings, these do not signify that one sex is better than the other† (Lippa 2). From Mars, from Venus The school of Gender Fundamentalism posits that men and women are absolutely and intrinsically diffe rent in so many ways more than the physical. That an attempt to ask which genitalia is better than the other is way too nonsensical. ... According to him, both sexes have communication patterns that are situated in opposite poles. In times of stress, women cope by narrating their stories with others, while men just shy away and retreat before any resolution is achieved. In terms of intimate relationships, men desire to be trusted, appreciated and needed; while women long to be cherished, cared for and affirmed (Gray 15-16). But a close examination of Dr. Gray’s bestselling book tells readers that aside from the unmistakable differences in behavior, outlook and character, men and women still have fundamental similarities with each other. This point-of-view is supported by a book written by communication connoisseur Deborah Cameron in 2007, as a seeming rejoinder to Gray’s nonfiction masterpiece. She points out that the theories of Darwin hold water in the case of social roles and relationships between the sexes. In her dissertation, she also cites that the linguistic variations between the male and the fe male ‘discourse patterns’ are rooted from childhood when the socialization process begins. â€Å"The need to create and to express personal meaning and identity are significant players in the characterizations of men and women. Both desire to be understood. Both need to be accepted. The difference only lies in how society views their actuation† (Cameron 55). Another insightful discussion on this matter shall be undertaken in the succeeding portion of this paper. History versus Herstory Since the dawn of civilization, societies are governed by leaders who are identified with the ‘male’. Anthropologists and even the members of the laity know that societies are inclined to be patriarchal, if not chauvinistic in favor

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 10

Marketing - Essay Example The product lines that are considered are â€Å"Voice Recognition Device.† (Voice recognition device, 2005). Through the use of voice recognition, it is possible to direct and control computer applications without having to use one’s hands to do the job. This is widely used by managers, artists, students, parents, home and office usage etc. â€Å"The firm we now work for is currently developing a new type of voice recognition device (VRD) with advanced capabilities for controlling computer applications using spoken commands. It was our job to move the product to the top of the market and earn profit for our firm by understanding the market, competitors and other trends in the external environment.† (The marketing game, 2009). The two constraining factors in this Marketing game are the Sales Budget that offers the scope for funding various activities that are needed for a game of this kind. Secondly, the marketplace needs to take the competitive moves taken by three competing firms in their bid to create value and revenue chains for their respective businesses. There are also aspects in terms of whether advertising expenditures are paying off and also whether this is influencing the final outcome of business. Another aspect that needs to be considered is, paying close attention to what the competitors are up to. â€Å"In a dynamic market it is rare that a manager can succeed without paying close attention to competitors and what they are doing, and without thinking through what they are likely to do.   Success in The Marketing Game! Is much more likely for those managers who take some time to think carefully about the competitive effects in the market.† (Otjen n.d.). There are only four makers of this VRD in the market. One is the product line which we are responsible for developing; that is, PAMAY and the competitors are Synnergy, Speak, you’re your voice. Synnergy is now in the number one position with 41% market share, You’re has 14% share

Berman v. dept of interior - ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Berman v. dept of interior - ethics - Essay Example POGO filed a suit against the oil companies based on this fact, which resulted into the oil companies making a settlement of $440 million to the United States. POGO thereof honored its agreement with Berman and Berman received a check of $383,600, which on the face side of the the check indicated that it is a public service award to Berman for working for the government. It is on this basis the United States government filed a suit against Berman stating that Berman had violated section 209(a) by using his office for private gain since he had accepted the amount from POGO, which is a private entity. This led to his removal from office. Berman appealed the judgment passed, but to no gain. This is because the jury based his ruling on the fact that Berman did not consult any ethics official in the agency for advice before entering into the agreement. His agreement with POGO clearly showed that he intended to use his office for private gain. This showed how reckless Berman was in performing his duties. This case seeks to show how important it is for employees to observe the highest levels of ethical conduct. As evident in this case, despite Bermans 26 years of service in the government and having no record of crime earlier, it was not sufficient to prevent him from losing his job. Therefore, it is important that employees observe appropriate ethical behaviors while at work. This case seeks to show how important it is for the state also to be efficient enough in its duties. It shows that the state was not doing enough to curb fraud in the United States. Such fraud should be exposed at an early stage to avoid wrongful decision-making by the state. POGO argued that oil companies had committed fraud since they had undervalued the oil they got from the federal lands; hence, formulating undervalued reports and making undervalued payments to the state in terms of royalties. POGO considered this act as being totally unethical to have been

Alexander II Domestic Policies

Alexander II Domestic Policies Alexander II of Russia was in many ways one the most important tsar in the History of the Russian Empire. He took over the throne from his Father, Nicholas I, in 1955. When he first came into power his first task was to end the Crimean war in which his father had been involved. After the Crimean war, many other countries saw Russia as weak. The army was outdated and despite its magnitude, not strong enough. People also saw Russia as underdeveloped and behind because of the weakness of its industry. Alexander wanted to change this. He not only wanted to show the rest of the world what Russia could achieve, but he also wanted to show Russia what it could achieve. Encouraged by public opinion he began a period of radical reforms, including trying to make Russia less dependant on a landed aristocracy controlling the poor. He also wanted to develop the natural resources of Russia reform the government to make it less like an autocracy. Until his assassination in 1881, how far did Alexande r II succeed in changing his domestic policy? Alexander initiated substantial reforms in the government, the judiciary and the military. But before he started these reforms, his first radical act was in 1861 when he proclaimed the emancipation of around 20 million privately held serfs. Serfdom was how the Upper classes and the Nobles controlled the peasants and the lower classes. In 1959, there were 23 million serfs in Russia. And the total population of Russia was 67.1 Million. The serfs lived under harsh conditions that were often worse than the conditions Peasants lived in during the Middle Ages. Alexander decided to abolish serfdom from above rather than wait for it to be abolished from below by revolution. The emancipation was effected by local commissions, which were dominated by landlords, who gave land and limited freedom to serfs. The former serfs remained stayed in the village commune, but they were required to make redemption payments to the government over a period of almost 50 years. The government compensated forme r owners of serfs by issuing them bonds. The regime had envisioned that the 50,000 landlords who possessed estates of more than 110 hectares would thrive without serfs and would continue to provide loyal political and administrative leadership in the countryside. The government also had expected that peasants would produce sufficient crops for their own consumption and for export sales, thereby helping to finance most of the governments expenses, imports, and foreign debt. However, Both of these assumptions were unrealistic. Emancipation left both former serf and their former owners unsatisfied. The new peasants soon fell behind in their payments to the government because the land they had received was poor and because Russian agricultural methods were inadequate. The former owners often had to sell their lands to remain solvent because most of them could neither farm nor manage estates without their former serfs. In addition, the value of their government bonds fell as the peasants failed to make their redemption payments. Reforms of local government closely followed emancipation. In 1864 most local governments in the European part of Russia were organized into provincial and district zemstva which were made up of representatives of all classes and were responsible for local schools, public health, roads, prisons, food supply, and other concerns. In 1870 elected city councils were formed. Dominated by property owners and constrained by provincial governors and the police, the zemstva and the city councils raised taxes to support their activities. In 1864 the regime implemented judicial reforms. In major towns, Western-style courts with juries were established. In general, the judicial system functioned effectively, but the government lacked the finances and cultural influence to extend the court system to the villages, where traditional peasant justice continued to operate with minimal interference from provincial officials. In addition, the regime instructed judges to decide each case on its merits and not to use precedents, which would have enabled them to construct a body of law independent of state authority. The regime also proposed to reform the military. One of the main reasons for the emancipation of the serfs was to facilitate the transition from a large standing army to a reserve army by instituting territorial levies and mobilization in times of need. Before emancipation, serfs could not receive military training and then return to their owners. However, there was no military reform until the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71) demonstrated the necessity of building a modern army. The levy system introduced in 1874 gave the army a role in teaching many peasants to read and in pioneering medical education for women. But the army remained backward despite these military reforms. Officers often preferred bayonets to bullets, expressing worry that long-range sights on rifles would induce cowardice. In spite of some notable achievements, Russia did not keep pace with Western technological developments in the construction of rifles, machine guns, artillery, ships, and naval ordnance. Russia al so failed to use naval modernisation as a means of developing its industrial base in the 1860s. Although Alexander II was in many ways the first tsar to attempt change the Russian political and social system and modernise it, he did not succeed as well as he set out to. His main focus of he reforms was the emancipation of the slaves. However, in many ways this did not succeed as well as his other reforms. Alexander wanted to improve living conditions for the serfs and at the same time keep the landlords happy. However, he did neither of these things well. His reforms were also not supported by a lot of people. And especially the Nobles believed that the new laws were ruining the country. Despite Alexander trying to revolutionise the Autocratic system, a radical revolutionary group assassinated him in March 1881. Although Alexander II set out with high goals, which he in some ways for filled, in the end he failed.

Private Schools vs. Public Schools Essay -- Private Schools Public Sch

Parents often wonder how to start off their children’s education. Depending on ones religion or beliefs a private or public school is a choice most parents face. Of course, each school offers it’s own pros and con’s the choice is simple. Public schools offer the best well rounding of a student. While being enrolled in a public school, students are faced with real outside world problems, are with a different blend of students each year, and are also introduced to the latest technology faster. While, a public school the money is offered to them by the state easier then having donations like a private school. Ones child will most likely be with the same students throughout their educational years. Classes aren’t as big and varied like classes at public schools. While in a public schoo...